WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT A MOUNTAIN GORILLA’S NOSE? DO GORILLAS HAVE UNIQUE NOSE PRINTS?

Mountain gorillas, just like humans have features that make them different from one another including;-

• Body size
• Facial structures, and
• But, identifying mountain gorillas can sometimes be tricky since some of them look alike from a distance.

During the scientific study of mountain gorillas which an American primatologist Dian Fossey began in the 1960s, there was a need for a method that could ease positive identification of mountain gorillas. The method would be of great benefit in record keeping and prospective researchers might review details on the same individuals.

Fossey found out What is special about a mountain gorilla’s nose, mountain gorillas have unique patterns of wrinkles on their nose which differentiate them from each other and decided to use them in their study and research about these primates. These wrinkles are known as “nose prints”.

Fossey is said to have made some drawings of the nose prints. Since then, several researchers have also used this method. Even now, Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund staff store special photographs of the nose prints of gorillas which have been monitored. They are kept in their long-term scientific database.

Of all the four subspecies of gorillas, mountain gorillas have the clearest nose prints.  Memorizing gorillas’ nose prints take months after seeing them frequently, and creating many drawings of each gorilla. It is crucial as researchers will need to track and interpret gorilla behaviour while in groups and as individuals.

if you are to trek gorillas in Uganda in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park & Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Rwanda in Volcanoes National Park or the Democratic Republic of Congo in Virunga National Park and Kahuzi Biega National Park

CAN GORILLAS BE AGGRESSIVE?/DO GORILLAS ATTACK HUMANS

Are gorillas aggressive? Mountain Gorillas as well as Lowland Gorillas can be aggressive and dangerous to human and other animals/fellow gorillas. Gorillas are majorly ground-dwelling, majorly herbivorous apes largely peaceful but in special clear different circumstances, gorillas can be fatally dangerous.

In most cases though much of gorilla violence is directed towards fellow gorillas. Gorillas live in groups/families with demarcated boundaries/territories with one dominant Alpha male (the Silver back) controls the females and youngsters of the group. Usually If another Alpha Male Silver Back approaches in another`s domain, the silverback dominating the attacked family will try to drive the intruder off violently

In different circumstances, gorillas can be truly dangerous. Most gorilla violence is directed towards other gorillas. They live in groups, in which one dominant male silverback controls several females and youngsters. If another male approaches, the silverback will try to drive him off

Gorillas aggression towards people is limited? Gorillas are not necessarily dangerous animals but they need very careful handling

Gorillas are generally social animals to wards humans and only become aggressive towards humans when they feel threatened.

Gorilla fighting: How do gorillas fight?

Though gorillas are obviously very strong and powerful, they are generally gentle and very calm. Severe gorilla fights are rare in stable gorilla families.

However, gorillas can fight for females; and they can fight if another male tries to take over the group leadership.

Also, the two dominant silverbacks can sometimes engage in a fight when two gorilla groups meet. Silverback gorilla fights involve using their sharp long canines to cause deep gaping injuries that can result into death.

Because of this, these gentle giants always try as much as possible to avoid conflicts. Often, gorillas resolve their conflicts through displays or threat behaviors that show that they are not happy with whatever could be taking place and doesn’t want to be interrupted.

The threat behaviors are actually intended to intimidate without becoming physical. This unique gorilla threat display usually involves;

• Barking out powerful hoots or unleashing a roar
• Standing upright on twos
• Throwing things including vegetation
• Pounding their huge chest with cupped hands to express their strength and indicate that they should not be further destructed but rather be left in peace.
• Slapping and tearing vegetation
• Slapping the ground with palms

If that does not work the gorilla may attack.

Do gorillas attack humans?

Are gorillas a danger to people? Before Dian Fossey’s work, gorillas had an appalling reputation as violent brutes that would kill a human on sight. Fossey demolished this myth.

Living alongside a group of mountain gorillas in the forests of Rwanda, she showed that these huge apes are actually gentle giants, with individual personalities and rich social lives. In many ways they are like us.

Besides being gentle and calm, gorillas are wild animals that can truly be dangerous if handled carelessly or threatened. In fact, gorilla attacks on human in the wild are very rare and usually motivated by a defensive instinct.

A gorilla that thinks it is in danger will first make threat display noted above. If the human ignores the gorilla threat display, or surprises the gorilla or gets in its way, it may then escalate to thumping, scratching and biting, and eventually charging.

What can make a Mountain Gorilla to charge at you?

Among the many reasons why a gorilla may get annoyed and charge are;

• Loud noise in the forest during gorilla trekking. Gorillas live in the forest and are used to wild noise that any strange kind of noise can be interpreted as a sign of danger.
• Use of flash when taking photos. This is taken as a threat because it is something that’s very unusual in the gorilla home.

• Wearing bright colors for gorilla trekking. Gorillas are used to the green nature of the forest jungle they live in in which any sight of bright color is unfamiliar and alerts the gorillas of an intruder into their natural habitat. It is recommended for visitors to dress in dull colors that blend with the natural forest.
• Sudden movements while in the presence of the gorillas.
• Touching the gorillas
• Surrounding the gorilla family / Obstructing the gorilla family.
• Visiting the gorillas for too long. Long hours with the gorillas can exhaust and destruct the gorilla family and make them become angry.  Angry gorillas can easily become aggressive.
• Getting very close to the gorillas.
• Meeting a group which is not habituated.
• Plain bad mood. This can be as a result of misunderstanding within the group. It can make a gorilla charge at visitors.
• What should you do if a gorilla charges? Should run you from a gorilla?

• Listen to the instructions from your ranger guide who will then direct you on what to do in order to safeguard yourself. Gorilla treks are led by an armed ranger guide since they spend a number of times visiting the gorillas so they are well aware of the moods and when the gorillas are irritated.
• Don’t raise your arms in front of the charged gorilla. Stay calm and be submissive, it will lose interest.
• Rather pretend not to show any interest in them and mind your own work and avoid direct contact with the gorillas it will walk away from you.
• Never run away from a charged gorilla. Walk away steadily, taking one step after the other and making any sudden movement to create the distance between you and the gorilla. If you run, it will run after you and will attack you.
• Crouch down; when the gorilla charges, it’s advisable to be calm down, keep quiet, and unthreatened you can even bend down and avoid eye contact to show respect and unwillingness to attack the gorillas.
• You can even fall down or keep relaxed or looking up at trees to show that you are defeated and you do not want to attack them.
• This is reason to show that you not a challenger and you don’t mean any harm to them so it will cool down and will not attack you.

You can study gorilla aggression further when you trek gorillas in Africa. Gorilla trekking in Uganda is done in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park & Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Rwanda in Volcanoes National Park or the Democratic Republic of Congo in Virunga National Park and Kahuzi Biega National Park

HOW LONG DOES A GORILLA LIVE? GENERAL LIFESPAN OF A GORILLA

Wondering how long does a gorilla live? General A gorilla life span is between to 35-40 years in their natural habitats and can live to 50 years in captivity according to WWF. The oldest known Western Gorillas was female and she died at 69 years on 17/01/2017 at Colombus Zoo & Aquarium.

Age Affects to how Long does a gorilla live? Why do Old Gorillas Die Easily-

• The life span of mountain gorillas is usually range from 35 to 40 years. Old gorillas often suffer from arthritis, which mainly damages the bones in their hands and feet.
• Old Gorillas also suffer from the loss of teeth as a consequence of periodontitis, so that they have a problem with feeding.
• It Old Gorillas longer to feed and to travel than the other members of the group. Gorilla families adjust their activities accordingly and look after the aged members, in a similar way as they treat sick individuals. Only when death is imminent, the old animals are sometimes abandoned or they retreat on their own accord.

if you are to trek gorillas in Uganda in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park & Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Rwanda in Volcanoes National Park or the Democratic Republic of Congo in Virunga National Park and Kahuzi Biega National Park

LAKES AND RIVERS IN UGANDA

How many lakes are in Uganda? Uganda is situated with the great lakes region of Africa. The landscape of Uganda is dotted with about 165 lakes including fresh water lakes, crater lakes and others. Below are some of the major lakes of Uganda (lakes and rivers in Uganda) majority  which can be visited on a Uganda safari:

• Lake Victoria in Central Uganda
• Lake Kyoga in Central Uganda
• Lake Edward in Western Uganda
• Lake George in Western Uganda
• Lake Albert in Western Uganda
• Lake Bunyonyi in Southwestern Uganda
• Lake Mutanda in Southwestern Uganda
• Kabaka’s Lake in Central Uganda
• Lake Opeta in northern Uganda
• Lake Bisina/Lake Salisbury in Eastern Uganda
• Lake Mburo in Western Uganda
• Several crater lakes in western Uganda including Lake Katwe, Ndali-Kasienda Crater Lakes, Lake Kyaninga, Lake Nkuruba, Lake Nyinambuga, Lake Saka, and Lake Nyabikere

Lake Victoria 

Lake Victoria is among the world’s famous lakes. The gigantic tropical fresh water lake was lies in the area between the eastern and the western arms of the Great East African Rift Valley.

The Lake was formed by the filling of a shallow basin that had been created by the down warping of rock beds in the East African plateau. It shores are lined with soft, green lands and punctuated by secluded inlets and caves which speak eloquently to its calm liquid grace.

Lake Victoria facts: What is special about Lake Victoria?

Lake Victoria is also locally known as “Nnalubaale” in Luganda which means the home of the Great Spirit.

The lake was named after Queen Victoria of United Kingdom by the Explorer John Hanning Speke, the first European to see and document Lake Victoria. Speke accomplished this in 1858, while on an expedition with Richard Francis Burton to locate the source of the Nile.

Though Speke discovered Lake Victoria for Europeans, the lake is about 400,000 years old. However, in geological terms Lake Victoria relatively young.

Lake Victoria has surface area of 59,947 square kilometres (23,146 square miles) which makes it;

• The Africa’s largest lake
• The world’s largest tropical lake, and
• The world’s second-largest freshwater lake after Lake Superior in North America, although Lake Baikal in Siberia is larger by volume and depth.

In fact, in terms of volume, Lake Victoria is Victoria is the world’s ninth largest continental lake with about 2,424 kmᶾ (582 milesᶾ) of water.

The lake has a maximum length of about 359 km (223 miles) and a maximum width of 337 km (209 miles).

The average depth of Lake Victoria is about 41 meters (131 ft) and the maximum depth is approximately 81 meters (266 ft).

The shore length of Lake Victoria is around 7,142 km (4,438 mi); and the surface elevation is approximately 1,135 m (3,724 ft).

The Lake Victoria’s area is divided among 3 East African Countries:

• Uganda−45% or 31,000 km² (12,000 square miles)
• Tanzania−49% or 33,700 km² (13,000 square miles)
• Kenya−6% or 4,100 km² (1600 square miles)

Among these three countries that border Lake Victoria Uganda is arguably the most notable. It is in Uganda that the Nile River, the planet’s longest and most important rivers flows out of Lake Victoria.

Lake Victoria is also home to over 3,000 islands. The Ssese Islands are a prime example. Ssese is an archipelago of 84 islands, located in the northwestern section of Lake Victoria within Uganda.

Some of these islands, such as Buggala Island, are accessible to tourists who are interested in seeing unique local scenery and Uganda culture.

Fish species in Lake Victoria: Even with its moderately shallow depth, the world of Lake Victoria fish is enormously diverse and fascinating. The variety of Lake Victoria fish is breathtakingly huge and complex.

Just within the category of Lake Victoria cichlids, there are hundreds of colorful fish species, all with their own distinct appearance and behaviors.

What to do on Lake Victoria?

There are a variety of things to do at Lake Victoria during your visit to Uganda including;

• Visit the source of the Nile in Jinja
• Fishing trips in search of giant Nile Perch
• Relaxing at the many resorts
• Bird watching
• Chimpanzee watching at Ngamba Island
• Honeymooning on some of the white sand beaches of Sesse Islands

Lake Bunyonyi

Lake Bunyonyi which literally means the ‘place of many little birds’ is one of the most beautiful lakes in Africa, located in southwestern Uganda.

Believed to be the second deepest lake of Africa at about 900 meters deep, Lake Bunyonyi covers a surface area of 46 square kilometers. This small lava dammed lake is incredibly dotted with 29 spectacular islands.

Due to its location near Bwindi impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga National Park, Bunyonyi is a perfect place to relax after your Uganda gorilla trekking.

Lake Edward and Lake George

Edward and George are also among the most stunning lakes in Uganda, situated on the flow of the Great East African Rift. Edward is (2325 square kilometers), and has an elongated shape. It is shared by Uganda and Congo.

Lake George is smaller (250 square kilometers) is shallow and lined by swamp. The two are connected by the 40km Kazinga Channel, a meandering silver strand which runs right through Queen Elizabeth National Park.

The Kazinga Channel that connects Lake Edward and George is believed to contain the world’s largest concentration of hippos. It is great bird watching hotspots.  In fact, the launch trip on Kazinga channel is considered one of the great bird watching trips of the world.

10. Rivers in Uganda: Rivers of Uganda

How many rivers are in Uganda? Uganda has several rivers and some of major Uganda Rivers include the following;

• The Nile River (Victoria Nile in Central Uganda and Albert Nile in the west)
• River Achwa in the north
• Kidepo River in the north
• River Okok in the north
• River Pager in the north
• River Kafu in the west
• Semliki River in the west
• River Katonga in the west
• River Mpongo in the west
• Ishasha River in the west
• Kagera River in the south
• Nkusi River in the west
• Sipi River in Eastern Uganda which is known for its spectacular Sipi Falls

River Nile

Facts about the Nile River

River Nile is among the most famous rivers in the world and one of the natural wonders of Africa. Although all rivers are important to people and wildlife that live nearby, the Nile looms large especially, both literally and figuratively.

How long is River Nile? The Nile River is the longest river in the world.  The Nile River facts show that it 6,650 kilometer-long with its source beginning from Lake Victoria in Jinja, Eastern Uganda. Here, the water spills out of Lake Victoria on its journey to the Mediterranean Sea.

The source of the Nile in Jinja is one of the greatest adventure destinations of Africa. Activities to do at source of the Nile in Jinja include.

• White-water rafting
• Kayaking
• Bungee jumping
• Boat Cruises
• Horseback Ride along the Nile
• Quad-Bike Safaris along the Nile
• Mountain Biking along the Nile
• Sport fishing

This longest river of world has drainage basin that covers eleven countries: Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan, and Egypt.

Another perfect way to get a closer feel of the great Nile is by joining in on a Nile cruise to the bottom of the Murchison falls.  Murchison Falls is the Most Powerful Waterfall in the World and it is the most spectacular thing to happen to the world’s longest river en-route from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean Sea.

WHERE CAN YOU FIND & SEE GORILLAS IN UGANDA AFRICA?

Uganda has only two national parks where one can see gorillas i.e Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park and this is where gorilla trekking in Uganda is done to search and find  the rear endangered Mountain Gorillas. With about 1063 mountain gorillas that still exist on earth today, Uganda is home to more than half of all these endangered Great Apes making it one of the only 3 countries in the world where mountain gorillas live and Uganda gorilla tours are only done in there two national parks.

Uganda has 20 gorilla families that have been habituated and already set for tourism purposes, 19 of which are tracked/found in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and only 1 is found in Mgahinga Gorilla National Park.

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is one  of the places where you can see Gorillas in Uganda Africa.

The appropriately named Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (also called “The Place of Darkness”) is the world’s premier gorilla trekking destination, hosting nearly half (459) of mountain gorillas on earth. This ancient rainforest is one of the most beautiful places to visit in Uganda.

Situated in the southwest of Uganda in the Albertine Rift, the park covers an area of 321 km² between an altitude of 1,160m and 2,607m above sea level. Bwindi Impenetrable was gazette as a National Park in 1991. Considering the incredible biodiversity found in this park, it is no wonder it has been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site of global importance since 1994.

By IUCN rating, Bwindi National Park is the richest and most diverse fauna community in East Africa with over 120 species of mammals including 11 species of primates, 360 bird species, 27 species of reptiles, 220 species of butterflies, and 1,000 species of flowering plants, including 163 species of trees, and 104 species of ferns.

Gorilla trekking in Bwindi starts from any one of its four main gorilla trekking sectors;

• Buhoma sector is located in the northwest and consists of gorilla groups like Mubare, Habinyanja, Rushegura, Katwe, and Muyambi Gorilla Family;
• Ruhija Region in the east comprises of gorilla families such as Kyaguriro, Bitukura, and Oruzogo Gorilla Family;
• Rushaga Region in the south has habituated families such as Mishaya, Nshongi, Bweza, Kahungye, Bushingye, Kutu, Bikyingi, Rwigi, and Mucunguzi Gorilla Family;
• Nkuringo area in the southern part has groups such as Nkuringo, Christmas, and Bushaho Gorilla Family.

Mgahinga Gorilla National Park is another  destination where you can find Gorillas in Uganda Africa.

Mgahinga National Park is located about 8-10 hours’ drive from Entebbe or Kampala in the extreme southwest side of Uganda. Mgahinga encompasses the northern slopes of the 3 northernmost Virunga National Park & Volcanoes National Park : Mt. Muhabura (4,127 m), Mt. Gahinga (3,474 m), and Mt. Sabyinyo (3,645 m).

The park is roughly 10 km south of Kisoro and is bordered to the south by Rwanda and to the west by DR Congo. In Mgahinga Park, the Nyakagezi Gorilla Family is the only habituated gorilla group set for visitors to trek.  In addition to gorilla trekking, visitors to Mgahinga have the opportunity to track beautiful and rare golden monkeys.

HOW MUCH DOES A GORILLA EAT PER DAY? AMOUNT OF FOOD A GORILLA EATS PER DAY.

Mountain gorillas consume as large quantities of food as needed to sustain their massive bulk. An adult male mountain gorilla can consume up to 34 kg (75 pounds) of vegetation a day, while a female can eat up to 18 kg (40 pounds).

Mountain gorillas spend most of their time in the mountainous area and never move to the cultivated area that surrounds their home to feed. Gorillas rarely have to drink water since they get a large quantity of water from its diet.

How much does a gorilla eat per day? – Diet of gorillas

Gorilla diet differs between and within gorilla species. 

Mountain gorillas mostly eat foliage, such as leaves, stems, pith, and shoots, while fruit makes up a very small part of their diets. Mountain gorilla food is widely distributed and neither individuals nor groups have to compete with one another.

Their home ranges vary from 3 to 15 square kilometer and their movements range around 500 meters or less on an average day. Despite eating a few species in each habitat, mountain gorillas have flexible diets and can live in a variety of habitats.

Eastern lowland gorillas have more diverse diets, which vary seasonally. Leaves and pith are commonly eaten, but fruits can make up as much as 25% of their diets. Since fruit is less available, lowland gorillas must travel farther each day, and their home ranges vary from 2.7–6.5 square kilometers. Eastern lowland gorillas will also eat insects, preferably ants.

Western lowland gorillas depend on fruits more than the others and they are more dispersed across their range. They travel even farther than the other gorilla subspecies, at 1,105 meters per day on average, and have larger home ranges of 7–14 square kilometers.

Western lowland gorillas have less access to terrestrial herbs, although they can access aquatic herbs in some areas. Termites and ants are also eaten.

Cross River Gorillas eat more liana and tree bark throughout the year and less fruit during periods of scarcity, than Western Lowland Gorillas. In their search for food the gorillas may leave their usual ranges, especially when food is scare, either to search in other parts of the forest, or to visit the lowlands, where they can come into conflict with farmers.

Although they may damage crops such as banana and plantain, gorillas are not the most destructive animals in this region.

If you want to see gorillas feeding, Gorilla trekking in Uganda is done in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park & Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, gorilla trekking in Rwanda is done in Volcanoes National Park or Gorilla trekking in Congo in is done in Virunga National Park and Kahuzi Biega National Park

WHAT IS REQUIRED TO TRAVEL TO UGANDA?

UGANDA ENTRY REQUIREMENTS, WHAT IS REQUIRED TO TRAVEL TO UGANDA? UGANDA VISA/EAST AFRICAN TOURIST VISA REQUIREMENTS.

To guide our Uganda safari travelers, we have put together ALL the major Uganda entry requirements or what is required to travel to Uganda using a Uganda Visa or the East African Tourist Visa for stipulated periods of time and COVID-19 travel Standard Operating Procedures.

1. What do I need to travel to Uganda during this period of COVID-19?

• Entebbe International Airport re-opened on 1 October 2020. Land borders have also re-opened. New Coronavirus travel standard operating procedures (SOPs) are in place for all arriving and departing passengers.

• On arrival at Entebbe International Airport and at land border crossings, visitors will need to provide valid a negative COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test certificate issued no more than 72 hours before boarding the aircraft.
• Airlines have been directed not to permit passengers without an authentic negative COVID-19 test certificate.
• Foreign national passengers who arrive without a valid negative test certificate will be denied entry.
• The certificate must be from an accredited laboratory in their country of Origin.
• SMS and digital certificates will not be accepted, so travelers must carry along an official printed certificate.
• All arriving passengers will be subject to temperature checks and will be screened for infectious diseases by the Port Health Authorities.
• If a traveler shows signs or symptoms of any infectious disease they will be taken by ambulance to a local isolation center to undergo a coronavirus test at their own cost.
• Test results will be returned within 24 to 48 hours; passenger will be expected to remain at the isolation centre until the test results are returned.
• Visitors are required to wear quality N95 masks, surgical masks, or cloth masks with filters at all time while at the airport or any other point of entry to Uganda.

2. Regular entry requirements for Uganda

Uganda Gorilla safari trekking Permits

• Do I need a passport to travel to Uganda?

Yes, at the time you book your safari tour to Uganda, be certain to obtain a passport or check your current passport and make sure the expiration date is at least 6 months beyond your travel date.

Should your passport be stolen, it will be easier to get a replacement if you have a photocopy or scan of the important pages.

• Uganda Visa: Uganda Visa application
• Do I need a visa to visit Uganda?
• Uganda like any other sovereign country requires one to have her visa if he/she is to enter into her boundaries except the nationals of the Visa-exempt countries.
• Which countries are visa−free to Uganda? Uganda visa-exempt countries/Uganda visa-free countries include; Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Ghana, Angola, Eritrea, Malawi, Madagascar, Seychelles, Swaziland, Lesotho Sierra Leone, Gambia, Comoros, Mauritius, Antigua, Barbados, Fiji, Grenada, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Cyprus, Bahamas, Belize, Jamaica, Malta, Singapore, and St. Vincent-Tonga.

• How do I get a Visa for Uganda? An e-visa can be applied for online through the official Uganda Directorate of Citizenship and Immigration Control website: https://visas.immigration.go.ug/  at least 5 working days before the intended dates of travel, and will usually be approved within 3 working days of application.
• Can I get a visa on arrival in Uganda? However, when the e-visa system was implemented in 2016, a statement was issued to the effect that it would completely replace the Visa on arrival system,  but this has yet to happen.

So as things stand, you can still buy a Uganda visa on arrival at any overland border or Entebbe International Airport, a straightforward procedure that usually takes no more than a few minutes, except maybe when a couple of major airlines arrive within an hour of each other.

• Uganda Visa categories

Uganda has several types of visas where a visitor can choose the one that works for him/her depending on the reason of the visit. Below are the different types of Uganda visa;

• Uganda Single Entry/ Ordinary/Tourist Visa

This is Issued for single entry to persons whose nationalities require a visa to enter Uganda either for business, tourism or medical reasons. It is valid for 90 days.

Note: Don’t overstay your Visa or the date of the immigration stamp in your passport, or you will be liable for a hefty fine. And note that even though you hold a three-months Visa, immigration authorities may only stamp for a period of one month or less.

This can be extended to 90 days at any immigration office in Kampala or upcountry. Irrespective of what they might tell you, there is no charge for this.

In Kampala, you may be asked to provide an official letter from a sponsor or the hotel where you are staying.

Uganda Single Entry Visa requirements.

• Passport copy (bio-data page)
• Vaccination Certificate (Yellow Fever)
• Recent Passport-size Photograph

Uganda Multiple-Entry Visa.

Multiple-Entry visas to Uganda are applied and paid for online. First-time applicants are only granted a 6 months Multiple-Entry Visa and must have proof of having travelled to Uganda, at least 5 times within a period of one year immediately preceding their application.

First-time applicants should always ensure to apply for a 6 months Multiple-Entry Visa. They will be able to apply for more time upon expiration of the 6 months.

However, applicants who have continually visited Uganda over a period of more than 1 year can apply for a period exceeding 6 months ( that is 12 and 24 months). And they must also have proof of continuous legal travel in and out of the country to that effect.

For any of the applications, whether 6 months or more, one must have proof of continuous travel into the country in the stated period of time if their application to be considered.

Any person who applies for a period beyond which they do not qualify, will if approved, only be granted a visa commensurate to the time they qualify for.

N:B: The 6-month restriction does not apply to Canadian and American citizens due to a reciprocal arrangement.

Uganda Multiple-Entry Visa requirements.

For 6 Months:-

• Passport (Bio-data page) with at least 6 months validity
• Recent Passport size Photograph
• Valid Police clearance from Interpol or home country
• Proof entries and exits into Uganda in the last one year
• Recommendation letter from referee one (1) in Uganda
• Cover Letter stating reasons for Multiple Entry
• Vaccination Certificate (Yellow Fever)

For 1 Year (12 Months):-

• Recent Passport size Photograph (not older than 6 months)
• Police clearance from Interpol or home country
• Vaccination certificate (Yellow Fever)
• Recommendation letters from referee Two (2) in Uganda
• The passport (Bio-data page)
• Cover Letter stating reasons for Multiple Entry
• Proof entries and exits into Uganda in the last one year
• Recommendation letters from referee one (1) in Uganda

24 Months:-

• The passport (Bio-data page)
• Recent Passport size Photograph (Not older than 6 months)
• Police clearance from Interpol or home country
• Proof entries and exits into Uganda in the last one year
• Recommendation letters from referee one (1) in Uganda
• Cover Letter stating reasons for Multiple Entry
• Recommendation letters from referee Two (2) in Uganda
• Vaccination certificate (Yellow Fever)

Uganda Transit Visa Requirements:-

A Uganda transit visa is a temporary visa issued to a traveler for a short period of time, for example, if the traveler wants to tour Uganda and visit some attractions without staying there and also connect to other Africa safari destination like Tanzania. It usually expires after 24 hours.

Uganda Transit Visa requirements

• Passport (Bio-data page) with at least 6 months validity
• A letter stating the reason for transit and country of destination
• Vaccination Certificate (Yellow Fever)
• Recent Passport size Photograph
• East Africa Tourist Visa

What is the East Africa Tourist Visa?

The East Africa Travel Visa is a single entry visa for travelers visiting Uganda, Rwanda, and Kenya simultaneously. It is valid for 90 days and cannot be extended.

It is multi-entry within the three countries; however, it expires automatically if a traveler goes outside of the three (3) countries.

This visa is a result of a joint initiative made by the Heads of States of the respective partner countries to boost regional tourism and create opportunities for tourists to explore the diversity of East Africa. A tourist who gets the East Africa Tourist Visa must start travel from the country that has issued the Visa.

How to Apply for an East African Tourist Visa?An application for an East Africa Tourist Visa may be made manually or online. The application may be made prior to the intended date of travel or on arrival at the first point of entry into Uganda, Kenya, and Rwanda where applicable.

Applications can also be lodged at any of the diplomatic representation of the Republic of Uganda, the Republic of Kenya, Republic of Rwanda and, at the Immigration Offices of the respective countries or online where applicable.

Uganda: For those beginning their trip in Uganda, you can find information on the official Uganda Directorate of Citizenship and Immigration Control website: https://visas.immigration.go.ug/ –

Rwanda: For those beginning their trip in Rwanda, the East African Visa is issued upon arrival at the border post, online, at the office of a diplomatic mission of Rwanda in the applicant’s country of residence.

Kenya: For those beginning their trip in Kenya, you can find information on the visa application process on the consular section of your local Kenya embassy’s website

East Africa Tourist Visa requirements.

• Travel itinerary
• Return Ticket
• Vaccination Certificate (Yellow fever)
• Copy of recent Passport size Photograph
• Copy of the passport (Bio-data page)

Uganda Visa Fees: How much is a visa to Uganda?

Uganda Visa category	Uganda Visa fees
Uganda Single Entry Visa  (valid for 90 days)	US$  50
East African Tourist Visa (Valid for 90 days)	US$ 100
Uganda Multiple entry visa  (6months)	US$  100
Uganda Multiple entry visa  (12months)	US$ 100
Uganda Multiple entry visa  (24months)	US$ 200
Uganda Transit Visa  (not more than 2 days)	US$ 50

• Is Yellow Fever Vaccination Certificate required for Uganda?

The situation with yellow fever shot changes regularly, but as things stand you must produce an international health certificate showing you have has a vaccination for Yellow Fever when you visit Uganda or upload it when you apply for an e-visa.

Note that in 2016, the WHO extended the period of validity for an international certificate of vaccination against yellow fever from ten years to life.

Note: For security purposes, its recommended to detail all your important information in one document, which you can then print out and distribute in your luggage, and/store on a smartphone, and /or email to your webmail address and a reliable contact at home. The sort of things you want to include in are;

• Travel insurance  details
• 24-hour emergency contact number
• Passport number
• Details of relative or friends to be contacted in an emergency
• Bank and credit card details
• Camera and lens serial number, etc

HOW DO GORILLAS COMMUNICATE?

Although gorillas don’t have speaking abilities as we do, they can communicate through a variety of methods like us including body postures, facial expressions, and vocalizations.

Vocalization

Gorillas inhabit the densely forested areas where family members often cannot see each other, hence using mainly vocalization for communication. Gorilla has about 25 distinct vocalization and all have different meaning. The group leaders, Silverbacks are the ones that vocalize most.

When travelling, grunts and barks are the most frequently heard sounds. These are produced to indicated where about of other member of the family. Group members probably recognised each other from these sounds.

During social interactions, grunts and barks can also be used, especially when discipline is required. Roars and screams signal alarm or warning and these in most cases are produced the dominant silverback.

There are also deep sounds known as rumbling belches that suggest contentment and are heard frequently during feeding and resting periods.

Whimpering, crying, and screaming are commonly used by baby gorillas as means of attracting their mothers’ attention to their needs.

Gorillas can also hum or sing especially in the content of finding a highly preferred food and usually involves several individuals or the whole group doing at the same time.

Facial expression

The gorillas’ emotions can also be communicated through facial expression. Just like how you may be able to read a person’s mood by their expressions, sometimes you are able to with gorillas and apes as well. The most common and distinctive expression is the play face. Play faces consist of an open mouth with low hanging bottom lip and no teeth showing. Play face is commonly displayed by juveniles and it is often paired with the gorilla equivalent of laughter.

Like rambunctious kids, young gorillas play tag and even do somersaults. And gorillas consider staring a sign of hostility.

You may sometimes see gorillas communicate in a couple of different ways by showing their teeth. One being “bared-teeth”, where the mouth is open and both rows of teeth are showing.

This is a sign of submission or appeasement and is thought to be tied to the origins of human smiling. Particularly, male gorillas reveal their teeth through yawns. This thought to occur in a context where males are distressed or anxious and could serve as a warning sign and display of dominance.

Chest beating

Chest beating and ground thumping are also another form of communication and is mainly done by the dominant silverback to show his power and to intimidate others.

Chest beating may have different meanings and in most cases, it is a sign of aggression in males. This communication method is done by beating the chest with cupped hands; males have large air sacs located in their chests, which helps carry the sound over long distances.  Chest beats are also common in younger gorillas that do it while they are playing.

Overall, the gorillas’ senses resemble those of humans. They use all senses in their communication with conspecifics – not only seeing and hearing but also smelling and touching. The silverback possesses a characteristic smell. During a dangerous situation, they additionally emit a very specific scent which can be smelled many metres. It alerts other gorilla families without any noise.

THINGS TO PACK FOR A TRIP | WHAT TO PACK FOR A SAFARI TO UGANDA? UGANDA SAFARI PACKING LIST.

As you plan for things to pack for a trip or your Uganda safari packing list, the words light and right should be considered. What to pack for a safari to Uganda starts with a suitcase or duffel bag. A normal suitcase is ideal for organized tours, or for those who are travelling mostly air or private transport.

Ideally, buy a suitcase that easily slings across your back, or that rolls, or both. Travelers using public transport should either use a backpack or a suitcase that converts into one.

Make sure your luggage is designed in such a manner that it can easily be padlocked. This won’t prevent a determined thief from slashing it open, but it is a real deterrent to casual theft.

Also, you think about for the things to pack for your safari in Uganda, you need to think of activities you will do such as; Gorilla trekking in Uganda, Chimpanzee tracking, Hiking and nature walks, Mountain climbing, Bird watching, Cultural tours, and others so that you don’t forget any essential item for a particular activity.

Below is a list of things to pack for a trip to Uganda.

1. Safari clothes—clothes for your safari in Uganda

Bright colors should be avoided while carrying out Uganda safari activities in the jungle, but these can be used while at the lodge or hotel. It is strongly advised to bring clothes with neutral colors such as green, Khaki, and light brown.

• Face masks: Every individual traveler is advised to carry a mask(s). While in Uganda, you will be required to wear quality N95 masks, surgical masks, or cloth masks with filters as one of Uganda COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs).
• T-shirt, shirt or blouse: You’re advised to bring long-sleeved shirts to protect you from the sun and insects during hiking and nature walks, gorilla trekking, chimpanzee trekking, and bird-watching hikes. A long-sleeved shirt will also offer you protection against cuts from branches, vines, and stinging nettles. Use wrinkle-free items especially with shirts.

• Long trousers: Carry light cotton trousers which can dry more quickly and weigh less. You should avoid light colors as they show dirt more easily. Two pairs of trousers can be enough for your tour in Uganda.
• Shorts: These are acceptable more especially on men though Ugandans consider them inappropriate on grown men. You should not wear them during Uganda gorilla trekking and chimpanzee tracking.
• Skirt: Like trousers, skirts should be made of light natural fabric such as cotton. It is advisable to wear skirts that go below the knees. You may need 1 skirt for your safari in Uganda.
• Sweater/fleece Jacket: Heat and sunshine are Africa’s most renowned attributes yet the chilly mornings and nights may momentarily make you forget how much you sweated at noon.

Temperatures in Uganda cools down at night and in the morning especially at the highest altitude like in Fort Portal, Bwindi Impenetrable National National Park region, Mgahinga National Park region, the Rwenzori  Mountains National Park and other areas. For general-purpose, one warm sweater or fleece Jacket should be adequate.

• A light rain jacket/poncho: This is also very essential for visitors more especially those interested in visiting Bwindi Impenetrable National Park for gorilla trekking, Kibale National Park for chimpanzee trekking, Mgahinga Gorilla National Park for gorilla trekking, and Mountain climbing destinations like Elgon and Rwenzori. This will protect from rain as it can rain any time in these areas.
• Shoes, boots, and sandals: White shoes are not recommended on a Uganda safari tour as they easily get dirty and it is not easy to clean them. In Kampala or Entebbe, you can put lightweight shoes and ensure that they shined– once again culturally you get a lot more respect. Sandals will be perfect around the lodge.

• Light-weight waterproof hiking boots or shoes are also very essential if you are interested in gorilla trekking, chimpanzee trekking, mountain hiking, bird watching, hikes and nature walks. A good pair of hiking shoes, preferably made of leather and with some ankle support, is a good compromise.
• Socks: Cotton or wool socks are good. Bear in mind that re-using them when sweaty will encourage fungal infections such athlete’s foot. You will need to pack some good hiking socks if you are interested in gorilla trekking and mountain hiking and climbing activities during your safaris in Uganda.
• Strong gardening gloves: You strongly advised to carry sturdy gardening gloves if you are interested in gorilla trekking in Uganda. The gloves will protect you while supporting your selves on tree branches or vines. They give you protection against stinging nettles. When you meet the gorillas, you can put off them to take good photos.

2. Sun protection gears for your Uganda safari

Uganda is on the Equator. You are advised to carry sun protection gear to protect you from the strong equatorial sun during your safaris and tours in Uganda.

Below are the essential sun protection items to carry for your safari in Uganda;

• Sunscreen/sun blocker cream: This will give protection to your face and eyes from Uganda’s hot Equatorial sun.
• A wide-brimmed safari hat: Carry one with a cord so that it does not get blown off as you ride through the wild. It should be large enough to cover not just your head but neck too. You can actually buy one in Uganda at curio shops.
• Sunglasses: These will protect you from the direct sunshine especially on your game drives.
• Umbrella: This can be useful against rain and sunshine.

3. Travel documents for Uganda

• You must carry a valid negative COVID-19 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test certificate issued no more than 72 hours issued not more than 72 hours before the date of arrival.
• A passport: This needed for all foreign visitors and must be valid for at least six months. It has to be with a clean and full visa page for endorsement.
• Visa: Citizens of most countries must have a visa to travel to Uganda. Visas can be obtained in advance through an official online visa-application portal, but they can also be obtained through your local Uganda embassy or high commission, or on arrival at Entebbe International Airport.
• Uganda tourist visas work for Uganda only but there is also the East African Tourist Visa which covers Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda.
• A valid yellow fever vaccination certificate: This will be required as part of a visa application.
• You will also need to travel with your tickets, travel insurance documents, and safari itinerary.

Note: Always keep copies of travel documents with you while on safari tours in Uganda. You can keep digital copies of your passport pages and other travel documents on your smartphone of tablet. The most important document that you should always be prepared to show to immigration and customs officials is your passport, and your stamped visa if applied prior to arrival.

3. Basic Medical Kit

Basic first aid kits are available at many Uganda lodges, hotels and camps, but you should always have one with you should an emergency arise. Below are what can constitute this kit;

• Hand sanitizer. You will need to regularly sanitize during this period of COVID-19.
• Insect repellent
• Anti-malarial tablets
• Pain killers e.g. aspirin or Panadol (prescribed by your physician)
• Bandages and cotton
• Preventive medication for diarrhea, stomach and headaches
• Your prescription medicines and treatment for any chronic illnesses
• Preventative pharmaceuticals
• Cold and allergy medicine
• Stomachache medicines
• Diarrhea and medicine
• Prescription antibiotics effective fight against a range of bacteria
• Antihistamines
• Ibuprofen
• Prescription Medications

4. Toiletries

Lodges and hotels in Uganda provide some toiletries but it is ideal that you have your own in case you decide to camp far from the luxury of the safari lodge. These include;

• Wet wipes; to cleanse your face or body of the dust that accumulates from the game drives before you get a full-blown shower.
• Toothpaste and a toothbrush
• Shampoo, conditioner and soap; lodges and camps supply these but if you prefer your own, feel free to bring it on board in a small size travel bottle.
• Small towel
• Body Lotion
• Comb and small mirror
• Ant – bacteria gel, hand- wipes, and Kleenex

5. Camera

• While on you Uganda safaris and tours, you will need to capture every magical moment. Uganda is blessed with a variety of wildlife such as chimpanzees, mountain gorillas, a variety of monkeys, lions, elephants, a variety of birds and many others as well stunning landscapes.
• You will need a good long-range camera that allows you to capture a great level of detail in a photo so that you can easily capture images of wildlife that are a bit far from you during game drives.
• You also need that camera that allows you to shoot in low-light conditions because you will be trekking deep in the forest. Remembers to bring spare memory cards and batteries as you will want to take lots of photos.

6. Binoculars

• A good pair of binoculars is very essential if you want to get a good look at birds or to watch distant mammals in Uganda safari parks.
• Uganda is a great bird-watching destination with over 1073 species of birds. Get the most expensive you can afford (at least 8x or better still 10x magnification).

  7.Electrical items

• In Uganda, the voltage is 220 to 240. British Plugs are used and most safari lodges and hotels have electrical strips where you can charge your camera but you are better off carrying a convertible adaptor to make your charging easy while at the camp or lodge.

8. Torch/flashlight

• A good torch (flashlight) is very essential.  It can be pitch black in the bush or in your tent in the middle of the night.
• A rechargeable torch is ideal but a small battery-powered torch is sufficient. The new LED miner’s lights that fit on your head (and leave your hands free) are also a good option.
• A smaller (pencil) torch for emergencies or looking at star maps is also worth considering. Most lodges will provide a torch or will walk you back to your lodge as required, but being self-sufficient is always a good idea.

9. Mobile Phone, iPad Or Tablet

• Most Uganda safari lodges and hotels have Wi-Fi in the lounge area.
• In case you’re the kind that likes to upload your experiences on social media on the go – then these items will be of great use to you as you look to keep people at home informed on your journeys.
• You can choose to roam or buy a local sim card but this requires that your mobile phone should be unlocked.

10.Miscellaneous

• ATM/Credit cards, (let your bank know you’ll be travelling abroad before you leave)
• Bird and animal guidebooks
• Health-insurance card (check to see if your health-care provider has an overseas partner)
• Healthy snacks (chewy granola bars, dried fruit, mini bagels, nuts, and pretzels)
• Local guidebooks and Maps
• Money belt

12. A waterproof day pack

A day pack should be one bag that carries a day’s worth of supplies. This may include packed lunch, a rain poncho, a few toiletries like sanitizer, and flashlight

WHAT IS GORILLA TREKKING?

When talks turn to gorilla trekking whether in Uganda, Rwanda, or Democratic Republic of Congo; the only three countries in the world where mountain gorilla live, it basically means following mountain gorillas in their natural habitats.

Gorilla trekking involves a group of 8 tourists walking through dense tropical montane forests (for about 1-8 hours) in search of habituated gorillas until they find them and spend an hour with them in their natural habitat, learning about their;

• Behaviors
• Habits
• Lifestyles
• Taking photographs, and
• Recording the moments

We share up to 98.5% of our DNA with gorillas but for decade most encounters with gorillas were, sadly, from behind the inches-thick Perspex of a zoo enclosure, or as a slapstick caricature in a cheap horror movie.

But now gorilla trekking in Rwanda, Uganda, and Congo gives visitors a rare opportunity to witness every interaction of these gentle, mysterious apes in their natural environment.

This has been made possible thanks to the rapid progress made by the Uganda, Rwanda and DR Congo Authorities, who have recognized the importance of gorilla conservation and the role that well-regulated tourism, can play in protecting the species, and as a vital source of revenue.

Gorilla treks are led by a professional ranger guide who accompanies the visitors through the dense montane forests.

Gorillas Trekking is not very easy, though it worth it. It requires some degree of physical fitness and gorilla permits that give you access to the gorilla are not cheap. Trekking rules and regulations are strictly enforced, for example;

• You must stay with the ranger guide and at least 7 meters away from gorillas. This sometime implies slowly moving to regain a 7 meter distance as these peaceful creatures can move in for a closer look.
• This is intended to protect the gorillas as visitors; due to the fact that gorillas can wild pick up a human virus for which they have no immunity and which could wipe out the whole population.
• Photographs are taken but no flash.
• Speak in low voice and make no sudden movement
• If necessary to cough, turn away and cover your mouth, the main cause of mountain gorilla death is pneumonia.
• Treks are limited to a maximum of 8 persons per group.

The weather and climate in the gorilla parks is variable and unpredictable. Visits commonly include cold, cool, and hot weather as well as rain and sun. Therefore;-

• Waterproof hiking shoes are essential,
• Hat
• Gardening gloves to protect against stinging nettles.
• Long sleeved shirts
• Safari trousers
• Light waterproof jacket
• Warm sweater

As of today, there are about 1063 in the whole world and Uganda is home to more than half of mountain gorillas on Earth.

• Gorilla treks in Uganda are done in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park with a population of about 459 gorillas and Mgahinga gorilla National Park, in the southwestern region of the country.
• Gorilla trekking in Rwanda is done in Volcanoes National Park in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Rwanda has the second highest population of mountain gorillas in the world.
• Gorilla trekking in Congo is Virunga National Park in Eastern part of the country for mountain gorillas and Kahuzi Biega National Park for lowland gorilla trekking.

History of Mountain Gorilla trekking in Africa

Hike Dian Fossey

• According to history, mountain gorilla trekking in Africa dates back to 1902, when Robert Von Beringe, a Germany captain, and the first European observed the Mountain Gorillas on the Sabyinyo Volcano. Later the Mountain gorilla was named Gorilla beringei by Matschie in 1903.
• In 1963, American primatologist and conservationist, Dian Fossey began her study on mountain gorillas, their protection and habituation.
• She was murdered by heartless and cruel poachers in volcanoes National Park having spent 18 years of her life saving and protecting these precious apes that were on the verge of extinction.
• Her work is best described in the internationally acclaimed movie; “Gorillas in the Mist” that exposed gorilla trekking to the world.
• The 1978 BBC television series, “Life on Earth”, featuring David Attenborough’s encounter with the mountain gorillas also brought the whole plight of saving these mighty primates to a craze, bringing thousands of travelers to this part of the world just to spend a few moments with our cousins
• Stories said about the encounter differ only in narration, but the experience is generally one to cherish forever.
• Environmentalists and governments have been jealously protecting the mountain gorillas since the early 1980s, with numbers increasing from 254 in 1981 to 1,063 in the recent 2018 census, thanks to these efforts anyone can go and see them.